Reading 2 for questions 167-173
The term benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) just simply means an enlarge prostate. It is generally believed to affect most men over the age of 45 (with various levels of severity). Overall, the number of men with BPH increase progressively with age. By age 60, 50 percents of men will have some signs
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of BPH. By age 85, 90 percent of men will have signs of the condition. About one-third of these men will develop symptoms that require treatment. Prostate enlargement, or BPH, is not a malignant condition, but it does put pressure on the urethra and can cause a number of urinary symptoms such as frequent urination, urinary urgency, the need to get up at night to urinate, difficulty starting urination, a reduction in the force of urine stream, terminal dribbling, incomplete emptying bladder, and even the inability to urinate at all.
The prostate, a small gland that produce fluid for semen, is in an ideal positions to cause trouble. The glands wraps snugly around the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder. It’s a tight squeeze – and it only gets tighter as men grow older. As symptoms progress, a man may also at higher risk of bladder stones and bladder infection. The kidneys may be damaged from back pressure caused by the retention of large amounts of urine in the bladder. There may be sudden blockage of urinary tube, making urination impossible, and not infrequently, blood may be detected in the urine. The exact mechanism for the enlargement of the prostate gland remains unclear; however, there are certain factors that are obviously involved. As men age, the male sex hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT) starts to build up in the prostate, which cause the prostate to slowly enlarge.
The Vahlensieck, AUSI and I-PSS rating systems are used to evaluate the severity of symptoms associated with BPH. All these methods are based on a limited number of questions associated with a numbered score: the total score is an evaluative index of BPH-associated severity, which can be from mild to moderate to severe. Severe symptoms that are associated with a very large prostate may require surgery.
167. The word it in paragraph 1 refers to
A. Prostate enlargement
B. The symptoms
C. The number of men
D. The treatment
168. The following conditions are the indications of prostate enlargement except
A. A terminal dribbling
B. A frequent urination
C. A weak urinary stream
D. A night time get up
169. The word snugly in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by which of the following
A. Stoutly C. Tightly
B. Softly D. Warmly
170. What can be inferred about the prostate?
A. It manufactures semen
B. It causes bladder trouble
C. It produces urine fluids
D. It attaches to the urethra
171. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. The effect of prostate enlargement
B. The cause of prostate enlargement
C. The characteristic of prostate enlargement
D. The symptoms of prostate enlargement
172. Why has the prostate slowly enlarge as men age?
A. Because the dihydrotestosterone starts to build up.
B. Because the prostate gets larger as men grew older
C. Because the kidneys get tighter as men grow older
D. Because the urethra was squeezed by the prostate
173. According to the passage when did men require surgery?
A. When they got mild symptoms
B. When they got moderate symptoms
C. When they got severe symptoms
D. When the kidneys are damaged
Reading 3 for questions 174-180
Narwhal, robust-bodied, toothed whale, occured only in deep waters of the high arctic, almost always close to floating ice. It is closely related to the beluga whale. Narwhals are mottled black and white, with no more dark mottling on the back than the belly. Females grow to 4,2 m (14ft.) in length and males to 4,7 m (15ft.). narwhals have only two teeth, both in the upper jaw. The left tooth of the adult male continues to grow, spiraling forward from the head, until the tusk is up to 3 m. (up to 10 ft.) long. Including this tusk, the overall body length of an older male may be nearly 8 m (nearly 26 ft.).
Narwhals often occur in small pods of 2 to about 12 animals, which are parts of the larger herds. They migrate seasonally as the ice edge moves, and they can be found in remarkably thick ice. Fish, squid and shrimp make up their diet. The members of the herd may segregate themselves according to age and sex, specially during migration. In such cases, sub adult male or adult male groups can be easily distinguished by the size of their tusks.
The social system of Narwhals is not known, although researchers believe that males may display or fight one another for access to females. Males have been observed to use their tusks for sparring with other males at or above the surface of the water, and males may occasionally be seen with their tusks partially broken off or with tusks embedded in their bodies. Actual spearing of one male by another, however, is probably less common. A mature female may give birth once every three years. Gestation lasts about 15 months, and a single calf is born on the summer.
Narwhals are hunted by Inuits and some Northern Europeans for their skin, meat, blubber, and especially for their tusks. The tusk is used as an ornament, both whole and carved, and is sometimes ground into a powder for reputed medicinal purposes. Although the existence if the species does not appear to be threatened, local overhunting of individual narwhals of their food may be limiting populations.
174. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. The nature of narwhal
B. The life of narwhal
C. The length of narwhal
D. The habitat of narwhal
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175. The word ‘their’ in paragraph 3 refers to
A. Female narwhals
B. Male narwhals
C. Sub adult narwhals
D. Narwhals
176. The narwhal is described as all of the following except
A. They are closely related to beluga whale
B. They often occurs in small pods
C. They live in the arctic
D. They move seasonally
177. The word segregate in paragraph 2 is closest meaning to
A. Separate C. Collect
B. Gather D. Engage
178. What made the narwhal’s tusk valuable
A. Its medical effect C. Its pure powder
B. Its scarcity D. Its unsual shape
179. How can the male narwhal be distinguished from the female narwhal?
A. The color of the body
B. The mottling on the belly
C. The tusk on the head
D. The weight of the body
180. it can be inferred from the passage that narwhal’s populations are influenced by
A. Human C. Weather
B. Air D. Sea current
